The main functions of an encoder include position control, speed control, motion control, position calibration, safety monitoring, and data acquisition. An encoder provides accurate position feedback signals by measuring the position, angle, or linear displacement of the object being measured, thereby achieving precise position control. By detecting the pulse signals output by the encoder, real-time speed information of the measured object can be calculated, allowing the control system to adjust based on the speed feedback signal for precise speed control. Based on the position and speed signals provided by the encoder, the control system can precisely control the movement trajectory, speed, and acceleration/deceleration of mechanical equipment, achieving precise motion control. Additionally, encoders can be used to calibrate the initial positions of large machinery or industrial equipment, ensuring that the device starts accurately according to the preset positions. By monitoring the output signals of the encoder, the operational status of the device can be monitored in real-time to ensure compliance with safety requirements, and abnormal operating conditions can be detected and alarmed. Encoders can output digital signals, analog signals, or pulse signals for connection to data acquisition systems or controllers, enabling data collection and real-time monitoring.